How to diagnose and treat a kidney infection

Medically Reviewed by Robert Jasmer, MD

Diagnosing a kidney infection involves assessing your symptoms, testing your urine, and sometimes other tests.

A kidney infection usually happens when a urinary tract infection (UTI) spreads from your bladder up through the tubes that connect the bladder to your kidneys. Less commonly, it can happen when a blood infection spreads to your kidneys. ( 1 )

It’s important to see a healthcare provider right away if you experience symptoms of a kidney infection, which include painful or frequent urination, cloudy or smelly urine, fever and chills, pain in your lower back or side, and nausea and vomiting. If it isn’t diagnosed and treated promptly, a kidney infection can cause both immediate and long-term severe complications.

To diagnose a potential kidney infection, your doctor will ask you about your symptoms. You’ll also most likely be asked about your history of health conditions, to determine whether you’re at increased risk for a kidney infection.

Your doctor will also perform a physical exam to see if you have any redness or tenderness on your torso that’s consistent with a kidney infection.

If your doctor suspects a kidney infection at this point, you’ll be asked to give a urine sample for lab tests to look for a bacterial infection.

You may also undergo imaging tests, which can look for enlargement or other abnormalities in your kidneys that indicate an infection. ( 1 , 2 )

Medical History and Physical Exam

At your doctor’s appointment, you’ll be asked about the symptoms you’ve been experiencing recently: what they are, how they’ve changed, and how long you’ve noticed them.

You’ll also be asked about your history of health conditions, such as:

• A UTI within the last year
• Pregnancy (current or recent)
• Any known problems in your urinary tract
• Kidney stones
• Enlarged prostate
• Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR), in which urine flows backward into your kidneys
• Diabetes
• Any condition that may compromise your immune system, such as HIV or taking drugs for an organ transplant or autoimmune disease
• Spinal cord injury
• Nerve damage in your abdomen
• Urinary retention , or trouble emptying your bladder
• Use of a catheter to help empty your bladder ( 2 , 3 )

During your physical exam, you’ll have your temperature, blood pressure, and heart rate taken. A fever, elevated heart rate, and low blood pressure can all be signs of an infection. ( 4 )

Your doctor will examine your abdomen and back for signs of redness, swelling, or tenderness.

Your doctor will also perform a maneuver called angle percussion, which consists of gently tapping the area of your back where your kidneys are located underneath.

This maneuver disturbs any inflamed tissue around your kidneys, causing pain if you have a kidney infection.

If you’re a woman, your doctor may perform a pelvic exam to look for signs of inflammation or tenderness associated with a UTI. ( 5 )

If you’re a man, your doctor may perform a digital rectal exam . In this procedure, you’ll be asked to expose your buttocks and bend over a table, or lie on your side while holding your knees close to your chest.

Your doctor will insert a gloved, lubricated finger into your anus to feel for a swollen or enlarged prostate. ( 1 )

Lab Tests for Kidney Infection

The most common lab tests to help diagnose a kidney infection are two types of urine test:

Urinalysis For this test, you’ll urinate into a container at your doctor’s office or lab. A sample of your urine will be viewed under a microscope, to look for bacteria or white blood cells, which can indicate an infection.

It’s possible for healthy people to have bacteria in their urine, so it’s important for urinalysis results to be viewed in the context of your symptoms, rather than as definitive evidence of an infection.

Urine Culture To help determine what kind of bacteria are causing your infection and guide your treatment, a sample of your urine may be placed in a container where the bacteria can grow for one to three days. ( 1 , 2 )

In some cases, your doctor may order a blood test to look for signs of an infection. This can involve two different tests:

Peripheral Blood Smear For this test, a thin layer of your blood is viewed under a microscope to look for an elevated white blood cell count and for neutrophils, the type of white blood cells that fight infection.

Blood Culture A sample of your blood is placed in a container to encourage bacterial growth, then examined over one to three days for bacteria that would indicate an infection. ( 4 )

While 20 to 30 percent of kidney infections show positive blood culture results, there’s little evidence that this testing helps guide treatment or improve outcomes, according to Johns Hopkins Medicine . ( 5 )

Imaging Tests for Kidney Infection

It’s usually unnecessary to order imaging tests to diagnose a kidney infection, according to the American Academy of Family Physicians . (4) Cases in which an imaging test may be helpful include:

• Your symptoms don’t improve with treatment
• Your infection recurs
• Your doctor suspects a structural abnormality in your urinary tract ( 4 )

If your doctor believes that imaging tests are necessary, the following options are available:

Computerized Tomography (CT) Scan This test takes a series of X-ray images from different angles, which a computer combines to create detailed images of tissues in your body. ( 1 , 6 )

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) This test uses a magnetic field and radio waves to create images of organs and tissues. ( 1 , 7 )

Ultrasound This test uses sound waves to create images of tissues. But since sound doesn’t travel well through certain tissues, like bone, ultrasound has limitations. ( 1 , 8 )

Intravenous Pyelogram This test involves injecting a dye into your arm, then taking X-ray images of your urinary tract to look for signs of swelling or other abnormalities in your kidneys and bladder. ( 1 , 9 )

Voiding Cystourethrogram This test is similar to an intravenous pyelogram, and involves taking X-ray images of your bladder when it’s full and while you’re urinating. ( 10 )

Your doctor may also use these tests to diagnose your kidney infection:

• An ultrasound or computerized tomography (CT) scan to check for a blockage in your urinary tract. These are usually done if treatment doesn’t help within the first 3 days.
• A voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG), which is a type of X-ray that looks for problems in your urethra and bladder.
• A digital rectal exam (for men), which involves your doctor inserting a lubed finger into your anus to check for a swollen prostate.
• Dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) scintigraphy, which is a type of imaging that uses a radioactive material to better see kidney infection and the damage it’s caused.

Reviewed by Minesh Khatri on December 9, 2019

American Kidney Fund: “About Your Kidneys,” “Kidney Infection.”

KidsHealth: “Urinary Tract Infections.”

Victoria State Government: “Cystitis.”

NHS: “Cystitis,” “Kidney Infection.”

Mayo Clinic: “Kidney Infections.”

NIH, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases: “Kidney Infection (Pyelonephritis).”

Merck Manual: “Kidney Infection (Pyelonephritis).”

American Kidney Fund: “About Your Kidneys,” “Kidney Infection.”

KidsHealth: “Urinary Tract Infections.”

Victoria State Government: “Cystitis.”

NHS: “Cystitis,” “Kidney Infection.”

Mayo Clinic: “Kidney Infections.”

NIH, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases: “Kidney Infection (Pyelonephritis).”

Merck Manual: “Kidney Infection (Pyelonephritis).”

A kidney infection is a serious medical condition that requires prompt treatment. These infections often start as a urinary tract infection (UTI) or a bladder infection which then spreads to affect one or both kidneys.

Symptoms may include:

• fever
• chills
• back or side pain
• groin pain
• abdominal pain
• nausea and vomiting
• frequent urination
• urine that’s cloudy, smells bad, or contains blood

You may be able to use home remedies together with your prescribed medical treatment to ease some symptoms and improve kidney health, but you shouldn’t try to treat yourself alone. You should always go to a doctor first, for diagnosis and to discuss treatment options.

UTIs are uncomfortable, but they’re not an immediate medical emergency. Some people make the mistake of assuming the same is true with a kidney infection.

Kidney infections are serious conditions and they do require medical attention. Untreated, a kidney infection (sometimes called pyelonephritis) can quickly cause long-term kidney damage or kidney scarring. These infections can also cause sepsis, which can lead to shock.

Because of this, a kidney infection can be fatal if allowed to progress. Don’t take any chances by not having it treated by a medical professional.

Medical treatment

Antibiotics are always the first line of defense against a kidney infection. If the kidney infection isn’t severe, your doctor will likely give you oral antibiotics to take once or twice a day for 10 to 14 days. You must take the entire course of antibiotics, even if you feel better within several days. Your doctor will encourage you to drink plenty of water.

Severe kidney infections may require admission to the hospital. You’ll be given fluids and antibiotics intravenously through an IV, both of which can help treat the infection.

If you have recurring UTIs that put you at increased risk of frequent kidney infections, your doctor will help you establish the cause of their frequency and help you prevent further infections from occurring.

Some people prefer to treat medical conditions with home remedies or alternative remedies.

Because of how serious kidney infections are, it’s important that you don’t rely on home remedies. Instead, you should take the prescription antibiotics your doctor gives you and use home remedies to help ease symptoms or pain. You can also use home remedies to avoid UTIs and improve kidney function.

1. Drink lots of water

Drinking plenty of water can help flush bacteria from the body, helping the infection to be eliminated faster. It can also help clear out the entire urinary system.

Drinking plenty of water can also help to prevent UTIs that can lead to kidney infections, so it’s a good practice to keep. Aim to drink at least eight glasses of fluids daily.

2. Drink cranberry juice

Cranberry juice has long been used as a remedy for UTIs and bladder infections. There’s some evidence that drinking cranberry juice may help or prevent UTIs in some people.

Many people prefer the sweet flavor of cranberry juice to water, helping them to drink more. However, cranberry juices full of added sweeteners aren’t great for you. A cranberry supplement or pure cranberry juice is a healthier way to get the benefits of cranberries.

3. Avoid alcohol and coffee

The kidneys’ most important role is to filter out harmful substances and toxins, and both alcohol and caffeine can require extra work from the kidneys. This may hinder the process of healing from an infection. Alcohol and antibiotics also shouldn’t be mixed, so avoid alcohol during your treatment for this reason as well.

4. Take probiotics

Probiotics have two big benefits when it comes to treating kidney infections. The first is that they’ll help keep your body’s healthy bacteria in check, even though the antibiotics may get rid of both “good” and “bad” bacteria.

There’s also evidence that probiotics can assist the kidneys in processing waste materials, and the better your kidneys are functioning, the more effective treatment will be.

5. Get some vitamin C

Vitamin C is a powerful antioxidant that helps protect tissues in the body from oxidative stress, which can automatically help promote kidney health. There’s also older research that shows that vitamin C can prevent kidney scarring during acute kidney infection and boost the enzymes within the kidneys. You can take vitamin C supplements or foods dense in the nutrient.

6. Try parsley juice

Parsley juice is a nutrient-dense diuretic that can increase the frequency and amount of urination. This can help flush out the bacteria in the kidneys faster, making antibiotics even more effective. If you don’t like the taste of parsley outright, you can mix it into a smoothie with strong-flavored fruits, including cranberries or blueberries for best results.

7. Consume apples and apple juice

Apples are also nutrient-dense. Their high acid content may help the kidneys to maintain acidity in the urine, possibly inhibiting further growth of bacteria. They also have anti-inflammatory properties, which may be beneficial in helping the kidneys to heal following the infection. Learn more about the many health benefits of apples.

8. Take an Epsom salt bath

Both Epsom salts and warm water can ease pain. This can help to make the uncomfortable side effects of the kidney infection a little more tolerable while you wait for the antibiotics to take effect.

Since abdominal pain is sometimes a symptom of antibiotics, as well as kidney infections, this could also help even after symptoms from the kidney infection are resolved. Read about how to make an Epsom salt detox bath, as well as potential side effects to keep in mind.

9. Use non-aspirin pain relievers

Non-aspirin pain relievers can help to relieve discomfort. Ibuprofen, including Motrin and Advil, as well as acetaminophen (Tylenol) can also help break fevers caused by the infection.

10. Apply heat

While you wait for the antibiotics to kick in, you can use heat therapy to reduce pain. Apply a heating pad or hot water bottle to the affected area, and keep it on for about 20 minutes at a time.

Apple cider vinegar is one of the most popular home remedies, no matter what type of condition you’re trying to treat. It’s touted by some as a remedy for kidney infections, too, thanks to its antibacterial properties. That being said, there’s no evidence or research available that supports this usage.

Kidney infections most often result from an infection in your urinary tract that spreads to one or both kidneys. Kidney infections can be sudden or chronic. They’re often painful and can be life-threatening if not treated promptly. The medical term for a kidney infection is pyelonephritis.

Symptoms of kidney infection usually appear two days after infection. Your symptoms may vary, depending on your age. Common symptoms include:

• pain in your abdomen, back, groin, or side
• nausea or vomiting
• frequent urination or the feeling that you have to urinate
• burning or pain while urinating
• pus or blood in your urine
• bad-smelling or cloudy urine
• chills
• fever

Children under 2 years old with a kidney infection may have only a high fever. People over 65 may only have problems like mental confusion and jumbled speech.

If the infection is not treated promptly, symptoms could worsen, leading to sepsis. This can be life-threatening. Symptoms of sepsis include:

• fever
• chills
• rapid breathing and heart rate
• rash
• confusion

You have two fist-sized kidneys in your upper abdomen, one on each side. They filter waste products out of your blood and into your urine. They also regulate the water and electrolytes contained in your blood. Kidney function is essential for your health.

Most kidney infections are caused by bacteria or viruses that enter the kidneys from the urinary tract. A common bacterial cause is Escherichia coli (E. coli). These bacteria are found in your intestine and can enter the urinary tract through the urethra. The urethra is the tube that carries urine out from your body. The bacteria multiply and spread from there to the bladder and kidneys.

Other causes of kidney infections are less common and include:

• bacteria from an infection somewhere else in your body, such as from an artificial joint, that spreads through your bloodstream to the kidneys
• surgery of the bladder or kidneys
• something blocking urine flow, such as a kidney stone or tumor in your urinary tract, an enlarged prostate in men, or a problem with the shape of your urinary tract

Anyone can get a kidney infection, but here are some factors that make it more likely:

• Urinary tract infections (UTIs). About 1 out of 30 UTIs leads to a kidney infection.
• Being female. Women are more at risk than men for kidney infections, because the urethra is shorter than it is in men. This makes it easier for bacteria to reach the urinary tract. Also, the urethra in women is closer to the vagina and anus, which allows bacteria to spread more easily to the urinary tract.
• Pregnancy. The urinary tract shifts in pregnancy and may make it easier for bacteria to get to the kidneys.
• Weakened immune system. This includes people with diabetes, HIV or AIDS, and those taking drugs that suppress the immune system.
• Damage to the spinal cord or nerve damage to the bladder. This could keep you from noticing the signs of a UTI that might lead to kidney infection.
• Problems emptying your bladder completely. This is called urinary retention. It can also occur in people with spina bifida or multiple sclerosis.
• Use of a catheter to drain your urine.
• Urine backup. This is when your urine backs up to one or both of your kidneys, instead of the normal one-way outflow. It’s called vesicoureteral reflux, and it occurs most commonly in children.
• Problems with the shape of your urinary tract.
• Examination of the bladder with an instrument called a cystoscope.

Incidence

There are few statistics on the incidence of kidney infections. A 2007 study reported that for females, there were 12-13 outpatient cases and 3-4 inpatient cases per 10,000 females. The numbers were lower for males, with 2-3 outpatient cases and 1-2 inpatient cases per 10,000 males. The highest incidence was among young women, and next were infants and older adults.

If you have bloody urine or if you suspect a kidney infection, see your doctor. You should also see your doctor if you have a UTI and your symptoms aren’t improving with treatment.

Most people with a kidney infection can be treated at home with a course of antibiotics, and paracetamol if needed.

See your GP if you feel feverish and have pain in your tummy, lower back or genitals that won’t go away.

You should also see a GP if you have symptoms of a UTI that haven’t improved after a few days or if you have blood in your pee.

If you think your child has a UTI, even if it’s just cystitis, make sure you see a GP or go to an out-of-hours emergency service.

Medication

Antibiotics

If you’re being treated at home, you’ll usually be prescribed a course of antibiotic tablets or capsules that lasts between 7 and 14 days.

Usually, you’ll start to feel better quite soon after treatment starts and should feel completely better after about 2 weeks.

If your symptoms show no sign of improvement 24 hours after treatment starts, contact your GP for advice.

Painkillers

Taking a painkiller such as paracetamol should help relieve symptoms of pain and a high temperature.

However, anti-inflammatory painkillers (NSAIDs) such as ibuprofen aren’t normally recommended for a kidney infection – they may increase the risk of further kidney problems so shouldn’t be taken unless advised by a doctor. A doctor may only prescribe these in certain circumstances.

Things you can try yourself

If you have a kidney infection, try not to “hover” over the toilet seat when you go to the loo because it can result in your bladder not being fully emptied.

It’s also important for most people with a kidney infection to drink plenty of fluids (water is best) because this will help to flush out the bacteria from your kidneys. Aim to drink enough so that you’re frequently passing pale-coloured urine.

If you have kidney failure, get advice from your doctor on how much to drink.

Make sure you get plenty of rest. A kidney infection can be physically draining, even if you’re normally healthy and strong. It may take up to 2 weeks before you’re fit enough to return to work.

Treatment at hospital

Your GP may refer you to hospital if you have an underlying problem that makes you vulnerable to kidney infections.

It’s standard practice to further investigate all men with a kidney infection simply because the condition is much rarer in men. Women don’t tend to be referred unless they’ve had 2 or more kidney infections.

Most children with a kidney infection will be treated in hospital.

Hospital treatment may also be needed if:

• you’re severely dehydrated
• you’re unable to swallow or keep down any fluids or medications
• you have additional symptoms that suggest you may have blood poisoning, such as a rapid heartbeat and losing consciousness
• you’re pregnant and you also have a high temperature
• you’re particularly frail and your general health is poor
• your symptoms fail to improve within 24 hours of starting treatment with antibiotics
• you have a weakened immune system
• you have something inside your urinary tract, such as a kidney stone or a urinary catheter
• you have diabetes
• you’re over the age of 65
• you have an underlying condition that affects the way your kidneys work, such as polycystic kidney disease or chronic kidney disease

If you’re admitted to hospital with a kidney infection, you’ll probably be attached to a drip so you can be given fluids to help keep you hydrated. Antibiotics can also be given through the drip.

You’ll have regular blood and urine tests to monitor your health and how effectively the antibiotics are fighting off the infection.

Most people respond well to treatment. As long as there are no complications, you should typically be well enough to leave hospital in 3 to 7 days.

Treatment will usually switch to tablets or capsules after you stop receiving antibiotics through a drip.

You may need further investigations if you get more than one kidney infection. Your GP or hospital specialist would arrange these tests for you.

Page last reviewed: 4 January 2018
Next review due: 4 January 2021

ABOUT THE AUTHOR

M.B. Lachlei

Dogs, like people, can suffer from kidney infections. It’s important to know the symptoms of kidney problems and to take your dog to the vet as soon as you recognize them. If left untreated, a kidney infection or other kidney problems could result in renal failure, or even death.

Causes of Kidney Problems

Dogs can suffer kidney problems from a number of different causes including bacterial infections, poisonous substances, urinary obstruction and a reduction in oxygen to the kidneys. In many cases, kidney problems can because of old age.

When it comes to infections, dogs can suffer infections due to bacteria either from the bladder or urinary tract, due to infectious diseases such as leptospirosis or internal parasites. These can make your dog very sick, or even kill him.

Symptoms of Kidney Infection

Signs of kidney infection can include an increase in drinking water, an increase in needing to urinate, blood in urine, vomiting, weight loss, decreased appetite, a hunched-over posture, lethargy, a decrease in urination, mouth ulcers, discolored urine, trouble urinating, fever and foul-smelling urine. Because many of the symptoms may appear in other diseases, it’s important to have a veterinarian determine what is wrong with your dog should he show any of these signs.

Bacterial Cystitis

Bacterial infections caused by an infection in the bladder are called bacterial cystitis. Your vet will need a urine sample to diagnose if your dog has bacterial cystitis. Depending on how difficult it is to treat the infection, your veterinarian may prescribe antibiotics for two weeks or more. Your dog’s urine may have to be tested several times to determine if the antibiotics have cured the infection or if the infection has recurred. Bacterial infections may be a sign of another underlying problem, such as tumors, cysts or urinary stones.

Kidney Infections

Kidney infections or pyelonephritis is another type of infection your dog may suffer. This infection is the same infection as bacterial cystitis, only the infection has reached the kidneys. This infection often shows up in very young dogs because of birth defects, in very old dogs and those dogs who have compromised immune systems. Although this type of kidney infection can display the same symptoms as bacterial cystitis, often dogs who have this disease for a long time will show little symptoms until the kidney fails.

Your veterinarian may put your dog on antibiotics for one to two months. If your dog is really sick, your dog may be hospitalized and given IV fluids as well as injections of antibiotics. In extreme cases, the infected kidney is removed.

Infectous Diseases

Infectious diseases, most notably leptospirosis, can cause your dog’s kidneys to become inflamed. The condition is called interstitial nephritis. Your dog can contract leptospirosis from drinking contaminated water or through contact with the bacteria through a scrape in the skin. Leptospirosis carriers include rats, raccoons, skunks, pigs, possums and cattle. Symptoms include fever, vomiting, muscle pain, bloody urine, lethargy, fever and lack of appetite. Because leptospirosis attacks the kidneys and the liver, your dog may suffer from jaundice.

Your veterinarian will need to treat your dog with antibiotics as well as treat the symptoms that arise from the disease. People can contract leptospirosis from their pets, although this is rare. Still, if your dog has a kidney infection due to leptospirosis, it’s important for you to contact your doctor.

Internal Parasites

Another type of kidney infection your dog may contract is due to internal parasites. Two worms may infect your dog’s kidneys: Capillaria plica and Dioctophyma renale, also called giant kidney worms. Both of these worms are uncommon in pet dogs. Dogs can contract Capillaria plica from eating earthworms; giant kidney worms can infect your dog through the consumption of earthworms, infected frogs or infected raw fish. While Capillaria plica show few symptoms, the giant kidney worm often causes abdominal pain, pain around the kidneys, bloody urine, frequent urination and weight loss. It can progress to kidney failure.

Capillaria plica usually can be treated by your veterinarian with deworming medications. If infected with a giant kidney worm, your dog may need surgery to remove the infected kidney.

How do health care professionals diagnose a kidney infection?

Health care professionals use your medical history, a physical exam, and tests to diagnose a kidney infection.

A health care professional will ask if you have a history of health conditions that make you more likely to develop a kidney infection. During a physical exam, the health care professional will ask you about your symptoms.

If you are a man and the health care professional suspects you have a kidney infection, he or she may perform a digital rectal examination (DRE). During a DRE, the health care professional has you bend over a table or lie on your side while holding your knees close to your chest. After putting on a glove, the health care professional slides a lubricated finger into your anus to check for a swollen or enlarged prostate blocking the neck of your bladder.

What tests do doctors use to diagnose a kidney infection?

Doctors may use lab or imaging tests to diagnose a kidney infection.

Lab tests

Urinalysis. For a urinalysis, you will collect a urine sample in a special container at a doctor’s office or at a lab. A health care professional will look at the sample under a microscope for bacteria and white blood cells, which the body produces to fight infection. Bacteria also can be found in the urine of healthy people, so a kidney infection is diagnosed based both on your symptoms and a lab test.

Urine culture. A health care professional may culture your urine to find out what type of bacteria is causing the infection. A health care professional can see how the bacteria have multiplied, usually in 1 to 3 days, and can then determine the best treatment.

You may provide a urine sample in a special container to be tested for a kidney infection.

Imaging tests

A health care professional may use imaging tests, such as a computed tomography (CT) scan, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), or ultrasound, to help diagnose a kidney infection. A technician performs these tests in an outpatient center or a hospital. A technician may perform an ultrasound in a doctor’s office as well. A radiologist reads and reports on the images. You don’t need anesthesia for these tests. Read more about imaging tests for your urinary tract.

This content is provided as a service of the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), part of the National Institutes of Health. The NIDDK translates and disseminates research findings to increase knowledge and understanding about health and disease among patients, health professionals, and the public. Content produced by the NIDDK is carefully reviewed by NIDDK scientists and other experts.

The NIDDK would like to thank:
Ann E. Stapleton, MD, FIDSA, FACP, University of Washington School of Medicine

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Health Information Center

If you truly have a kidney infection, then you will need antibiotics for 7-10 days.

Hello, I´m Dr Rubio

Welcome to JustAnswer and thank you for your question.

Please give me a minute to review your question.

Treatment of a kidney infection will depend primarily on your current condition. If your fever is stable, you may receive home antibiotics such as Ciprofloxacin for 10 days, however, if you have symptoms that suggest a greater involvement of your general condition such as blood in your urine, unbearable pain, fever that does not improve, or other symptoms, you may need to be hospitalized.
in all kidney infections, it is necessary to perform a urine test and a culture before starting antibiotics because in some cases there may be resistance to antibiotics.

Do you have any questions.

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How do health care professionals treat kidney infections?

If you have a kidney infection, a health care professional will prescribe antibiotics. Even before your test results are in, the health care professional may prescribe an antibiotic that fights the most common types of bacteria. Although you may feel relief from your symptoms, make sure to take the entire antibiotic treatment that your health care professional prescribes.

Once your lab results are in, the health care professional may switch the antibiotic to one that better treats the type of infection you have. You may take these antibiotics by mouth, through a vein in your arm, called by IV, or both.

If you are very sick from your kidney infection, you may go to a hospital for bed rest. A health care professional may give you fluids through an IV.

If something such as a kidney stone or an enlarged prostate is blocking your urinary tract, a doctor can sometimes treat the problem with surgery or another procedure.

If you think you have a kidney infection, see a health care professional right away.

How can I make sure my kidney infection is completely gone?

If you recently had a kidney infection, the health care professional will often repeat urine cultures after your treatment ends to make sure your infection has completely gone away and has not come back. If a repeat test shows infection, you may take another round of antibiotics. If your infection comes back again, he or she may prescribe antibiotics for a longer time period.

If your health care professional prescribes antibiotics, take all of the antibiotics as prescribed and follow the advice of the health care professional. Even if you start to feel better, you should finish all of your medicine.

How can I prevent a kidney infection?

Many kidney infections start as a bladder infection, so preventing bladder infections may help prevent kidney infections. Scientists are still trying to understand the best ways to prevent bladder infections, but these small changes in your daily habits may help:

Drink lots of liquid, especially water

Liquids can help flush bacteria from the urinary system. Water is best. Most healthy people should try to drink six to eight, 8-ounce glasses of liquid each day. If you need to drink less water because of other health conditions, such as bladder control problems, kidney failure or heart disease, ask your health care provider how much liquid is healthy for you.

Wipe from front to back after using the toilet

Women should wipe from front to back to keep bacteria from getting into the urethra. This step is most important after a bowel movement.

Urinate often and when the urge arises

Try to urinate at least every 3 to 4 hours. Bacteria are more likely to grow in the bladder when urine stays in the bladder too long.

Urinate after sex

Both women and men should urinate shortly after sex to flush away bacteria that may have entered the urethra during sex.

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by Jane Meggitt

Constantly going in and out of the litter box might spell kidney infection.

Kidney disease is fairly common in cats, especially as they age. If you start noticing signs and symptoms of kidney infection, take Kitty to the vet right away. The sooner treatment begins, the better the potential outcome. Learn your cat’s normal habits so abnormal ones quickly become obvious to you.

Litter Box Symptoms

If a kidney or urinary tract infection is present, Kitty may spend too much time in the litter box, straining to pee. She may have “accidents” outside the box or start peeing in different places around the house. When cleaning the litter box, check to see if any blood appears in the urine. If the urine smells very strong or looks cloudy, that’s another indication of infection.

Other Signs

Kitty may frequently lick her genital area. She might be depressed and lethargic, refusing to eat. If your cat ever stops eating for more than a day, always call the vet. Other indications of possible kidney infection include weight loss, vomiting, panting or difficulty breathing, increased drinking, mouth ulcers and fever. If you pet her or pick her up, she might not want you touching her lower abdomen due to pain.

Diagnosis

Your vet takes a urine sample from Kitty to make the diagnosis, as well as blood. The urine sample indicates what type of bacteria is involved in the infection, while the blood sample measures the amount of phosphate, creatinine and urea. If the cat appears seriously ill, she might receive an ultrasound or X-rays. Cats suffering from kidney infections may also become anemic, so your vet also checks for that.

Treatment

Treatment consists of two phases, the short and long-term. Immediate treatment may include subcutaneous or intravenous fluids if Kitty is dehydrated, along with antibiotics to combat infection. The vet may prescribe other medications, depending on the diagnosis. Long-term treatment means a change of diet for Kitty. She needs food that won’t tax her kidneys. Your vet can prescribe special dry or wet foods for felines with kidney conditions. You can try feeding her a low protein, low phosphate diet on your own, avoiding fish and fowl. Ask your vet for recommendations if choosing this route. Your cat will require regular checkups to monitor her condition.

Kidney Infection Symptoms

According to statistics , more than half of women worldwide experience urinary tract infections at least once in their lifetime. It is a common type of disease in children with an incorrect wiping method and adult women as well. Males would also suffer from urinary tract infections, but in a lesser degree given the length of their urethra and other reasons. However, an infection to the kidneys goes beyond a simple ailment from the urinary tract. It can turn out to be a severe health problem with severe complications if not treated.

After reading this article , you will have a clear understanding of kidney infections and how can we mark down the difference between a simple urinary tract infection and something more serious based on the available signs and symptoms.

Highlighting the differences

Kidney infection is commonly known as pyelonephritis, and it is a subtype of urinary tract infection, one that is not limited to the bladder but spreads deeper into the ureters reaching one of the kidneys or both.

The majority of urinary tract infections remain in the bladder or the urethra and give out symptoms like urgency to urinate more frequently and a burning sensation when urinating. They are usually caused by bacteria from the colon working its way to the urinary tract, but sometimes keeping a urinary catheter for a long time and the irritation in a woman’s urethra during intercourse may give rise to an infection.

As you will see further, this lower urinary tract infection is very different from kidney infections. They may be caused by a progression of the bacteria into the kidneys, the presence of kidney stones, or a weakened immune system that allows bacteria to travel into the bloodstream until they colonize the kidneys.

Sometimes, there are urinary tract infections featuring a kidney infection and bladder infection at the same time. In this case, we would get all of the symptoms related to urinary tract infections at once. That’s why we are going to make a distinction between a kidney infection and one with a corresponding bladder infection, which is also to be found very frequently.

Signs and symptoms of kidney infections

1 Fever

Fever is the result of an inflammatory response, and it is a natural symptom that accompanies several types of infections, except in mild infections or immunocompromised patients. It is a common symptom in kidney infections, especially in severe cases. Fever is not always present in kidney infections, and whenever it appears it may be a signal that the disease is progressing. Fever in pyelonephritis may rise up to 40°C or 103°F, but it can be controlled with medications, and usually disappears after a few days of antibiotic treatment.

Medically Reviewed by Robert Jasmer, MD

A kidney infection can usually be cured with antibiotics, but severe or complicated cases may require hospitalization.

Kidney infections develop when bacteria from your bladder — or, far less often, your blood — enter your kidneys and multiply rapidly, evading your immune system’s defenses.

Antibiotics are used to treat kidney infections. These drugs may be taken by mouth or by intravenous (IV) infusion in your arm.

If your kidney infection is causing severe illness, you may be hospitalized for a few days to ensure that your infection is brought under control. After this, you may continue treatment at home with oral antibiotics or sometimes with IV antibiotics.

If imaging tests show that a structural abnormality in your urinary tract is potentially responsible for your infection, correcting the problem through surgery or other treatments may help ensure that your infection doesn’t return.

After your kidney infection has been treated, your doctor may order follow-up tests to make sure that the treatment was successful. If harmful bacteria are still present, you’ll need to take another round of antibiotics. ( 1 , 2 )

Antibiotics for a Kidney Infection

Antibiotics are the main treatment for a kidney infection, and are usually the only treatment that’s needed.

If your doctor strongly suspects that you have a kidney infection based on your symptoms, you may be immediately prescribed an antibiotic that targets the most common bacteria that cause kidney infections.

Once your lab test results are in, your doctor may adjust your prescription based on the exact type (strain) of bacteria causing your infection. These antibiotics may be taken by mouth or IV. ( 1 )

Usually, your symptoms will start to get better within a few days of starting on antibiotics. But even if you feel better, it’s important to take the full course of antibiotics you’ve been prescribed. ( 2 )

Depending on the specific drug you take, your course of antibiotics will typically last for 5 to 14 days. Taking the full course ensures that all bacteria causing your infection are eliminated. ( 3 , 4 )

Antibiotics used to treat kidney infections include:

Cipro is typically taken once or twice a day, depending on whether it’s the regular or extended-release version, for seven days.

Levaquin is typically taken once a day for five days.

Bactrim and Septra are typically taken twice a day for 14 days.

Your doctor will decide which drug to prescribe based on a number of factors, including:

• Your urine culture results
• Antibiotic resistance to E. coli in your local area
• Your history of tolerating any of these drugs

If your kidney infection is causing nausea and vomiting, your doctor may start you on an initial dose of your treatment by IV, then transition you to taking oral antibiotics. That’s because your body may not absorb the drug well in your intestine if you’ve been vomiting. ( 4 )

In some people, especially men, kidney infections are slow to respond to antibiotics. If your symptoms don’t go away as a result of your treatment, or if follow-up tests show that bacteria are still present, you may need to take antibiotics for as long as six weeks. ( 3 )

Hospital Treatment for Severe Infections

If your kidney infection is deemed severe, or if the infection has spread to your blood or caused other complications, you’ll need to be hospitalized for a few days to control your infection.

You may be a candidate for hospitalization if:

• Your infection is causing severe symptoms or swelling
• Your infection has spread beyond your urinary tract
• You have a high fever
• You experience significant pain
• You show signs of dehydration or your blood pressure is low
• You can’t swallow or keep down oral drugs
• You’re pregnant ( 3 , 5 )

In the hospital, you’ll be given antibiotics by IV, along with fluids if you’re at risk for dehydration.

Antibiotics may be given by IV at the hospital every 6 to 24 hours, and include:

Exactly how long you stay in the hospital will depend on how severe your condition is and how quickly you recover. ( 2 )

Once you leave the hospital, you’ll probably still need to take a course of oral antibiotics. The options for this course are the same as for people who don’t require hospitalization. ( 4 )

Treating Complications and Abnormalities

If your infection has spread to your blood — known as sepsis — then you’ll need to undergo intensive treatment in the hospital for your blood infection.

• Antibiotics, given by IV
• Vasopressors (drugs to raise your blood pressure)
• Intravenous fluids
• Painkillers or sedatives ( 6 )

In some cases of kidney disease, your imaging scans will reveal that you have a structural abnormality in your urinary tract that makes you more susceptible to infection.

In a study published in December 2014 in the journal BMC Infectious Diseases , researchers found that in a group of 1,325 people admitted to the hospital for severe and complicated kidney disease, 71 percent had urinary tract abnormalities. ( 7 )

If you have an underlying problem, like a misshapen urinary tract, once your infection has been treated, you’ll be referred to a nephrologist (kidney specialist) or urologist to be evaluated.

If the specialist believes that your abnormality leaves you at a significantly increased risk for infections, you may be a candidate for surgery to repair the abnormality. ( 2 )

Word to the wise: never ignore a UTI.

If you’ve ever had a urinary tract infection, you know the pain-in-the-ass symptoms that come with it: a burning sensation when you pee, the need to go all the time. Well, those symptoms are also indicators of another serious health issue: a kidney infection.

While kidney infections are rare in otherwise healthy people, most do start as a UTI. “As soon as you start having other symptoms [besides burning, frequency, and urgency], that’s when you worry it might be moving beyond the bladder,” says Staci Leisman, M.D., internist and nephrologist at Mount Sinai Hospital. “It’s called an ascending infection—it literally moves up from the bladder into the kidneys.”

A kidney infection can be easily treated with oral antibiotics (it usually takes about a week to clear up), says Leisman. But in rare cases, an untreated kidney infection can progress to septic shock, which can be fatal. Other worst-case scenarios: super-high blood pressure, leading to kidney failure or kidney scars, which can cause chronic kidney disease.

Chances are, if you’re experiencing the uncomfortable symptoms of a UTI, you’re going to head to your ob-gyn ASAP. But if for some reason you’ve been putting it off, and you start to notice any of the symptoms below, you could be at risk for developing a kidney infection.

1. Burning Pain With Urination

If you want to get fancy, this is called dysuria, and it’s common in women’s health issues like yeast infections and vaginal infections. “Inflammation along the lining of the urethra can cause that sort of burning sensation when you go to the bathroom,” says Leisman.

2. Urinary Frequency

Not only will you feel like you have to go 20 times a day, you’ll go to the bathroom and very little will come out. “Your bladder is well-designed to hold lots of urine,” says Leisman, “But if there’s irritation happening in the bladder as the result of an infection, that irritation makes you think you have to go all the time.”

3. Urinary Urgency

This is that feeling like you have to pee and you have to pee now. That same irritation in your bladder that causes you to feel like you have to go all the time is what makes it feel like to have to find a bathroom immediately.

4. Fever

People with kidney infections tend to have very high fevers. “We’re not entirely sure why this is, but you’d be looking at temperatures over 100,” says Leisman. “You could also have chills, night sweats, and other things that are more predisposing to a systemic infection.”

5. Back, Side, or Groin Pain

Your kidneys are located deep against the back muscles in your upper abdominal area, so it’s common to experience pain in that region. “If I’m examining you, I’m going to first tap you on the back where your kidneys are and people with a kidney infection will likely jump right off the table from the pain,” says Leisman. “That’s because your kidneys are in a capsule where there’s not a lot of space, so if it gets inflamed at all, it’s incredibly painful.”

6. Abdominal Pain

In addition to back, side, or groin pain, some people with kidney infections may experience abdominal pain. “It’s less likely, but sometimes the pain can manifest in strange places,” says Leisman—and considering that your kidneys are located deep in your abdominal region, it wouldn’t be the weirdest place to feel aches or even sharp pains.

7. Nausea and Vomiting

In the same way a kidney infection can cause systemic symptoms like fever and chills, it can also make you feel sick to your stomach or like you want to throw up all the time. “With any infection, you’ll be feeling pretty unwell, and nausea and vomiting typically come right along with that,” says Leisman.

8. Pus or Blood in Your Urine

In most cases, your doctor would only see this if they did a dipstick urine test. “It’s because your urethra is inflamed and it could be shedding a little bit of blood,” she explains. However, it is is possible that you might actually see blood when you go to the bathroom. As for pus, that would be more common in very complicated kidney infections, and would show up as white cells on the dipstick test.

9. Cloudy or Smelly Urine

One major difference between kidney infections and other vaginal issues is that kidney infections do not come with any discharge. So if you’re experience discharge, you can rule out a kidney infection as the culprit. “But you can have stinky or cloudy urine,” says Leisman. “You’re basically growing bacteria in there, which can sometimes create an odor or cloudiness, which is really just the bacteria and the white cells that you’re seeing.”

Kidney Infection Related Articles

What Is Kidney a Infection (Pyelonephritis)?

• The kidneys are a component of the urinary system, which also includes the ureters, urinary bladder, urethra, and prostate (in men). The kidneys are located on either side of the middle back and under the diaphragm. The main functions of the kidneys include filtering the waste products from the body, regulating blood pressure, maintaining the normal concentration of electrolytes (sodium, calcium, potassium, magnesium, etc.) in the body, and contributing to the production of blood cells.
• The urine is drained downward from each kidney into the ureters, which are thin, tube-like structures that connect the kidneys to the bladder. The urine, then, drains from the bladder via another tube-like structure, called the urethra, and exits the body.
• Kidney infections belong to the family of infections of the urinary system called urinary tract infections (UTIs). In general, the infection of the urethra, bladder, and prostate are known as lower urinary tract infection. When the infection ascends up to involve the kidneys, then it is called upper urinary tract infection. Infection of the kidney(s) is also known as pyelonephritis.
• Urinary tract infections are very common and may affect 40% of women and 10% of men in their lifetime. They are most common in women younger than 50 years of age, whereas, they are rare in men of the same age group. Urinary tract infections are also common in children and may be difficult to diagnose because the symptoms are not easily recognizable. In children, urinary tract infection may be seen more frequently in boys less than 1 year of age and girls less than 4 years of age.

What are Symptoms and Signs of Kidney Infections in Men and Women?

Some of the more common symptoms of kidney infection are:

In addition to a comprehensive history and physical examination, the signs that a doctor may look for in evaluating for urinary tract infection may include:

1. tenderness on the flanks immediately below the lowest rib (costo-vertebral angle tenderness),
2. fever,
3. physical evidence of dehydration, and
4. a rapid heart rate.

In women, a pelvic exam may be necessary in order to rule out other similar conditions, such as pelvic inflammatory disease (PID).

In chronic (long standing) kidney infections, the symptoms may be milder, but more long lasting.

QUESTION

What Causes Kidney Infections in Children, Men, Women, and During Pregnancy?

• Kidney and urinary tract infections may be caused by bacteria invading the urine, which is normally a sterile body fluid. Bacteria most commonly gain access to the urine through the urethra, which can be exposed to bacteria from outside of the body.
• Common sources of bacteria that enter the urinary system are the vagina, anus, and skin. Because of the shorter length of the urethra in women, urinary tract infections are more common in women compared to men. Some factors may predispose certain people to urinary tract infections.
• Sexual intercourse may increase the risk of urinary tract infections in women. Kidney infection may be facilitated by the introduction of bacteria from outside (vagina) to the urinary system through the urethra.
• Pregnant women may be at higher risk for developing urinary tract infections. This may be caused by increased pressure on the ureters from the enlarged uterus. Approximately 10% of pregnant women may develop kidney and urinary tract infections during their pregnancy.
• Kidney stones are another factor that may increase the likelihood of urinary tract infection. Stones can cause partial or complete obstruction to the flow of urine from the kidneys and ureters. This obstruction may act as a focus of infection in the urinary system, leading to urinary tract infections.
• Bladder catheters (Foley catheters) are sometimes placed into the bladder in order to aid the outflow of urine from the bladder. There are many uses for bladder catheters, for example, paralysis with nerve damage, bladder obstruction from an enlarged prostate, or immobilized or hospitalized patients who are not able to independently urinate. These catheters may act as a vehicle for bacteria to gain access to the urine inside the bladder causing urinary infections.
• In children, some risk factors include female gender, an uncircumcised male, or a structural abnormality of the urinary system.
• The most common bacteria causing urinary tract infection or kidney infection are those that are normally seen in the vagina, gastrointestinal tract, or skin. By far, the most common organism causing urinary tract infection is Escherichia coli (E. coli), responsible for up to 80% of kidney and urinary infections. Other common bacteria include Klebsiella, Proteus, Pseudomonas, Enterococcus, and Staphylococcus saprophyticus.

When Should You Go to the Hospital or Doctor If You Think You Have a Kidney Infection?

If symptoms suggestive of urinary tract or kidney infection are present, medical attention should be sought. Correct diagnosis of kidney infection is important because it will determine appropriate therapy and length of treatment.

Once the doctor diagnoses kidney infection, home therapy with antibiotics and adequate oral intake of food and fluid may be adequate. In severe cases of infection or uncontrolled nausea and vomiting, hospitalization may be necessary.

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Get UTI Treatment Online

Speak to a board certified doctor, securely from your phone or computer and get a prescription for UTI in 15 minutes. Antibiotics are extremely effective in treating UTIs and are often necessary to clear the infection before it spreads to the kidneys. Our doctors also write refills on existing medications.

or call (888) 607-5806

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If you’ve got a urinary tract infection, odds are you’re going to need antibiotics. Leaving a UTI untreated is not only painful but can have serious consequences. When left alone bacteria quickly spread from the urinary tract to the kidneys. Luckily, our network of board certified doctors is standing by to diagnose your infection and prescribe antibiotics for UTI.

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PlushCare maintains a 97% patient satisfaction rating. You can speak with a top doctor from your phone or computer, get diagnosed and prescribed antibiotics in 15 minutes. PlushCare only employs doctors who are graduates of top 50 U.S. medical schools. We’re really proud of the care we offer.

What are the symptoms of a UTI?

Dark, cloudy urine that may appear red or pink from blood, painful or burning urination, an urgent and frequent need to urinate, a small amount of urine when you do go to the bathroom, urine that smells bad, mild fever that stays under 101° F, chills and malaise, pain in the lower abdomen and pressure in the pelvis.

How are UTIs treated?

UTIs are bacterial infections and are treated with antibiotics. Common antibiotics used to treat UTIs are: levofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, cephalexin.

How will the online doctor diagnose my UTl?

The doctor will be able to diagnose your infection based on your symptoms, medical history and the length of infection. If they are unable to comfortably diagnose your infection they will write you a lab referral for testing. Once your results are in they will prescribe you an appropriate treatment plan, including any necessary antibiotics.

What causes a UTI?

UTIs are caused by bacteria entering the urinary tract. The most common bacteria to cause a UTI is E Coli. Infection can happen due to wiping incorrectly and bringing fecal matter into the urinary tract. They can also be contracted during sex which is why it is recommended to pee after intercourse to flush out the urinary tract.

How long does it take antibiotics to start working?

Antibiotics are fast acting, some people feel symptom relief in a matter of hours. Generally you should start to feel better within 48 hours. If your symptoms get worse or do not improve within 48 hours it is likely you are not suffering from a bacterial infection. You should see the doctor for follow up treatment.

How long will I need to take antibiotics for a UTI?

The length of antibiotic treatment for UTI and the dosage will depend on the severity of your infection. Typically antibiotics for a UTI are prescribed for 3 to 5 days.

Can I get UTI antibiotics online?

As mentioned above, yes you can get antibiotics prescribed online for a UTI. The doctor will diagnose your condition and prescribe the appropriate treatment during your consultation.

How do you get rid of a UTI without going to the doctor?

You can avoid the doctors office by getting UTI treatment online instead. An online doctor can diagnose and treat your UTI from the comfort of your home. They will likely prescribe you antibiotics and schedule a follow up appointment to ensure the treatment plan works. In some cases they may refer you to a lab for testing before writing your prescription.

Can I go to a walk in clinic for a UTI?

Yes, walk in clinics such as urgent care centers can treat UTIs. That said this type of treatment is often more expensive and takes up more time compared to seeing an online doctor. PlushCare provides the same services as many urgent care centers, virtually. Meaning you can get your UTI treated online.

Among the many changes that take place in the body during pregnancy is an increase in the risk of developing an infection of the urinary tract. The hormonal changes as well as the physical changes exerted by the enlarging uterus can lead to a slowdown of the passage of urine through the urinary tract and even to vesicouteral reflux, a condition in which urine in the bladder backs up, or refluxes, back into the ureters (the tubes that carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder). The hormone progesterone is responsible for changes in action of the smooth muscle walls of the ureters, and the weight of the uterus itself can lead to urinary retention. There is further an expansion of blood volume and increased load on the kidneys in pregnant women, resulting in increased urine output in the face of decreased mobility of the ureters. Finally, pregnant women tend to have higher urinary levels of glucose than nonpregnant women. All of these changes predispose to infection within the urinary tract.

As in nonpregnant women, urinary infections can occur in the urethra or bladder or may spread to the kidneys (pyelonephritis). The majority of infections come from existing bacteria in the vaginal and anal areas that spread upward (also termed retrograde) through the urinary system.

Fortunately, urinary infections in pregnancy are readily treatable. Even though pregnant women may be concerned about taking prescription medications, there are a number of antibiotics that are effective in treating kidney and urinary tract infections that are known to be safe for both mother and baby. Cephalexin, ampicillin, and nitrofurantoin are examples of antibiotics that may be used to treat lower urinary tract infections and cystitis in pregnant women. These medications are taken in pill or tablet form.

Infections of the kidney (pyelonephritis) require more intensive treatment with hospitalization and intravenous antibiotics. Antibiotics of the cephalosporin class or gentamycin may be safely used. If fever is present, acetaminophen (Tylenol) may be used, and there are a number of antiemetic drugs that are safe for pregnant women to take if nausea and vomiting accompany the infection.

The prognosis is excellent for most cases of urinary infection in pregnancy. Spread of the infection to the fetus is rare. As with any illness, it is important for the mother to maintain adequate hydration to avoid reducing blood flow to the uterus during a urinary tract infection. If pyelonephritis (kidney infection) goes untreated, maternal and fetal complications may develop including premature labor and low birth weight, so it is important to seek medical care when symptoms of a urinary infection are present. Pregnant women should not wait until the urinary tract infection becomes “worse” or rely on alternative treatments to “treat” an infection; they should call their doctor as soon as symptoms occur.

1 What Is A Kidney Infection?

Also known as Pyelonephritis, a kidney infection is a type of upper urinary tract infection that usually begins in the urethra or bladder. Letter on, it tends to travel upward to involve one or both of your kidneys. It requires prompt diagnosis and treatment, as if not treated properly, can permanently damage your kidneys. If left untreated, the infection may spread into your blood and leads to a life-threatening condition called septicemia.

Upper urinary tract infections usually develop when bacteria or other pathogens invade your urethra, bladder or ureters. In normal circumstances, the flow of urine is from your kidneys towards your bladder. This download flow flushes out metabolic byproducts and any bacteria that may be present in it, thus preventing the chance of infection. However, when your kidneys become infected, there is a disruption in the urinary flow or even the urine may flow in the backward direction.

The incidence of kidney infection is increasing around the globe due to multiple dietary and environmental factors. A person with infected kidneys can experience and a number of symptoms that occur around the area of infection or affect the whole body. At first, you may have symptoms related to the lower urinary tract infections before it spreads to your Kidneys. The most common signs and symptoms of kidney infections include;

Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms

Kidneys are usually involved after a urinary tract infection that has already affected your urethra, bladder or ureters, a system that collects urine from your kidneys and excreted out of your body. This whole organ system is known as lower urinary tract. If diagnosed at this stage, you can receive effective treatment to avoid spreading the infection to your Kidneys. However, sometimes you may not notice lower urinary tract infection symptoms due to their less severity until the infection has spread to your kidneys or symptoms of an infection that originate from within the kidneys.

Whether you are experiencing specific kidney symptoms or not, which will be discussed later in this article, you should look for certain signs of UTI that if picked earlier can not only save aggressive treatment but also prevent permanent damage to your Kidneys. The important lower urinary tract infection symptoms include;

Q:
How to diagnose and treat hepatitis B?

A:
Diagnosis

Your doctor may look for signs of liver damage, such as yellowing skin or belly pain . Other tests include:

• Blood tests can detect signs of the hepatitis B virus, see whether it’s acute or chronic, and determine if you are immune to it.
• Liver ultrasound can show the amount of liver damage.
• Liver biopsy can check for liver damage.

Hepatitis B can damage the liver before causing signs and symptoms. Certain people may need to get screening for it if you:

• Are pregnant
• Live with someone who has hepatitis B
• Have had many sexual partners
• Have had sex with someone who has hepatitis B
• Are a man who has sex with men
• Have a history of a sexually transmitted illness
• Have HIV or hepatitis C
• Have a liver enzyme test with unexplained abnormal results
• Receive kidney dialysis
• Take medications that suppress the immune system, such as those used to prevent rejection after an organ transplant
• Use illegal injected drugs
• Are in prison
• Were born in a country where hepatitis B is common, including Asia, the Pacific Islands, Africa and Eastern Europe
• Have parents or adopted children from places where hepatitis B is common, including Asia, the Pacific Islands, Africa and Eastern Europe

Treatment

There are treatment to prevent hepatitis B infection after exposure and for acute hepatitis B infection:

• An injection of immunoglobulin (an antibody) given within 12 hours of exposure to the virus may help protect you from getting sick with hepatitis B. However, it’s short-term.
• Rest, proper nutrition and plenty of fluids are enough to fight with acute hepatitis B infection. If it’s severe, antiviral drugs or a hospital stay is needed to prevent complications.

For chronic hepatitis B infection , treatment is needed for the rest of most people’s lives. Treatment helps reduce the risk of liver disease and prevents you from passing the infection to others. They include:

• Antiviral medications can help fight the virus and slow its ability to damage your liver.
• Interferon injections can be used to avoid long-term treatment or for women who might want to get pregnant within a few years after completing a finite course of therapy.
• Liver transplant will be used if your liver has been severely damaged.

A thorough and accurate kidney cancer diagnosis is the first step in developing a kidney cancer treatment plan. Your integrated team of kidney cancer experts will use a variety of tests and tools designed for diagnosing kidney cancer, evaluating the disease and developing your individualized treatment plan. Throughout your treatment, we’ll use imaging and laboratory tests to monitor your response to treatment and modify your plan when needed.

Examples of the types of procedures used for diagnosing kidney cancer include:

Biopsy: If an imaging test shows evidence of a possible malignant tumor, a biopsy may be performed to determine if the mass is cancerous. We perform these diagnostic tests under local anesthesia, by inserting a needle directly into the tissue. The extracted tissue or cells are then inspected under a microscope to diagnose and stage the tumor.

CT scan: A CT scan for kidney cancer uses X-ray images to present detailed images of the kidneys. The GE Discovery™ PET/CT 600 Scanner is a state-of-the-art four-dimensional CT scanner that produces detailed cross-sectional X-ray images of structures within the body. It also enables our radiologists to plan treatment in accordance with patients’ breathing patterns.

Lab tests used to diagnose kidney cancer include:

• Advanced genomic testinglooks for DNA alterations in cancer cells that may be driving the growth of tumor. By identifying the mutations that occur in a cancer cell’s genome, we may better understand what caused the tumor and tailor treatment based on these findings.
• Nutrition panel is a test used to evaluate patients for deficiency of nutrients, such as vitamin D and iron. The test helps us identify the nutrients patients need replaced or boosted to support their quality of life.

MRI may be useful for kidney cancer detection and diagnosis, because it has greater soft tissue contrast than a CT scan.

PET/CT scan may be is useful for kidney cancer because scans may reveal cancerous cells before tumors or structural changes are present. This may help catch the disease early.

Urinalysis may be used to look for blood in the urine. Because blood in the urine may be caused by an infection or other benign conditions, before making a cancer diagnosis, we examine the urine cells under a special microscope to help us detect cancerous activity. This procedure is called urine cytology.

The kidneys remove waste products and excess fluid from the bloodstream. These two organs sit on either side of the body just below the rib cage. The kidneys rest against the back muscles, which can make it difficult to tell the difference between kidney pain and back pain.

When trying to determine whether the pain is coming from the back or kidneys, people need to take into account:

• the location of the pain
• the type and severity of the pain
• any accompanying symptoms

In this article, we discuss the main characteristics and causes of kidney pain and back pain. We also cover when to see a doctor.

The kidneys filter out waste and toxins from the bloodstream, which makes them susceptible to infection and damage. Excess calcium, oxalate, and phosphorous can accumulate in the kidneys to form kidney stones, which can be painful if they cause a blockage.

Location

Share on Pinterest A person may feel kidney pain in the back, groin, and thigh.

Kidney pain occurs below the rib cage on either side of a person’s spine. It can also feel as though the pain is coming from deep within the body.

People may experience pain on one or both sides of the body depending on whether a condition affects only one kidney or both kidneys.

Kidney pain can radiate to other areas of the body, such as:

Type and severity of pain

Small kidney stones often pass through the urinary system without causing much pain. However, larger stones can cause a sharp, intense pain that typically worsens when the stone moves from the kidney to the ureters. The ureters are tubes that connect the kidneys to the bladder and form part of the urinary system.

A kidney infection can cause a dull ache or soreness that remains stable.

Accompanying symptoms

Conditions that affect the kidneys can cause other symptoms, such as:

• cloudy or bloody urine
• painful urination
• a persistent need to urinate
• nausea
• vomiting
• constipation or diarrhea
• fever
• dizziness
• fatigue

Signs of severe kidney damage or problems can include:

• bad breath
• metallic taste
• shortness of breath
• swelling of the legs, ankles, or feet
• confusion
• irregular heartbeat
• muscle cramps

Conditions that cause kidney pain include:

• urinary tract infections (UTIs)
• kidney stones
• kidney infections
• blood clots in the kidneys
• trauma or injury to the kidneys

Back pain is very common. According to the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, around 80 percent of adults will experience lower back pain at some point during their lives.

Back pain occurs as a result of problems affecting the muscles, bones, or nerves in the back.

The location, severity, and accompanying symptoms of back pain vary depending on the cause.

Location

Back pain can occur anywhere in the back. However, most people experience pain in their lower back.

Type and severity of pain

Muscle pain feels like a dull ache or soreness. Certain body movements can trigger or worsen muscle pain, the intensity of which can range from mild to severe and may fluctuate in response to stretching.

People with nerve pain may experience a burning or stabbing sensation that travels to other areas of the body.

Sciatica is a form of nerve pain that affects the back. People develop sciatica when the sciatic nerve becomes pinched or compressed, which causes a burning pain in the lower back that radiates through the buttocks.

Bone pain can result from vertebral fractures or an irregularly shaped spine. This type of pain comes on suddenly. Bone pain ranges from moderate to severe and usually worsens in response to movement.

Accompanying symptoms

Other symptoms that may accompany back pain include:

• aches or stiffness along the spine
• sharp, stabbing pain in the neck
• finding it hard to stand up straight due to pain or muscle spasms
• walking difficulties
• numbness or tingling in the back that spreads to the limbs
• weakness in one or both legs
• inability to empty the bladder
• loss of control over urination
• diarrhea or constipation

Straining a muscle or ligament in the back is a common cause of back pain. People can strain their backs from overstretching, lifting too much weight, or using incorrect lifting techniques.

Other causes of back pain can include:

• poor posture
• standing or sitting for an extended period
• muscle spasms
• muscle tension
• injuries to the back, such as fractures or falls
• damaged, dislocated, or ruptured discs
• abnormal curvature of the spine
• tumors

Medical conditions that can cause back pain include:

• inflammatory diseases, such as arthritis and spondylitis
• osteoporosis
• shingles
• cancer of the spine
• infections
• cauda equina syndrome, which affects the nerves at the base of the spinal cord
• abdominal aortic aneurysm
• endometriosis

The first sign of yeast overgrowth is typically an itchy rash. A vaginal cream that has the number 7 after its name, for instance, would usually be used for 7 days. Is the condition contagious? If sexual intercourse is painful, avoid it. After a few weeks of a Candida cleanse (i. How to prevent a yeast infection from antibiotics. )

Warmed coconut oil can also be used as a carrier oil for more powerful antifungal essential oils, including tea tree oil or oil of oregano. A sample may also be sent to the lab for a fungal culture. STARVE THE YEAST The first key is to eliminate foods that have yeast in them and foods that yeast likes to eat. Tampons can absorb the medicine. Using scented sanitary products and douching can upset the healthy balance of bacteria in the vagina and make yeast infections more likely. They are the views of the author and do not necessarily represent the views of goop, and are for informational purposes only, even if and to the extent that this article features the advice of physicians and medical practitioners.

• Yeast can be passed from one individual to another, but this is not a clinical problem unless there is some other factor at work that allows the yeast to overgrow and cause an infection.
• A vaginal yeast infection is a fungal infection that causes burning, itchiness and a thick white cottage cheese-like discharge.

In many cases, yeast infections can be easily and successfully treated at home. Some women worry that all vaginal itching and irritation are signs of a yeast infection. A few other prevention tips: Most yeast infections involve Candida albicans ( C. Vaginal yeast infection: medlineplus medical encyclopedia, know why a test or procedure is recommended and what the results could mean. )Your doctor might prescribe a one-time, single oral dose of fluconazole (Diflucan).

• Boric acid is toxic in large amounts.
• If you have lots of irritation, it may sting when you pee.
• You can treat many yeast infections with over-the-counter creams or suppositories that you can buy without a prescription, especially if this isn’t the first time you’ve had a yeast infection and you recognize the symptoms.
• Discontinue use if any discomfort occurs.
• You’ll find it in yogurt and kefir with live active cultures, or in tablet or pill form.
• The yeasts grow out of control when something — such as antibiotics, hormones, pregnancy, or health issues, like diabetes and HIV or AIDS — disrupts that delicate balance.
• Symptoms usually resolve quickly, although in more severe cases treatment may be needed for up to two weeks.

Boric Acid

For six months, the women ate a daily 250-millilitre (8-ounce) serving of yogurt with the active culture Lactobacillus acidophilus. What your menstrual cycle has to do with recurring thrush, be sure to follow your treatment instructions carefully and finish all of your medicine. If your symptoms are mild, you may want to wait to see if they clear up on their own. Oral thrush in babies, what does thrush look like? This is a type of cutaneous candidiasis.

A swab of a yeast infection can be sent off to the lab for analysis to determine which type of yeast you have. Buy candida cleanse herbs, antifungals, enzymes and probiotics veggie caps (120 capsules) online at low prices in india. But there are downsides, too. Mouth care- dry mouth, thrush infection of the mouth etc., what can we do to stop this and prevent it from happening again? Sometimes women think they have a vaginal yeast infection when symptoms are caused by a different condition, such as bacterial vaginosis or a sexually transmitted infection (STI).

• It’s no wonder why you might not want to head to the doctor to treat a yeast infection.
• Physician assistants.
• In fact, if you’re not super sensitive, you may not realize you have one at all.
• Health experts also advise taking quick showers instead of long, hot baths.

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At the visit, your doctor might take a urine sample (to rule out a urinary tract infection) and swab some discharge from your vagina to examine under a microscope. How to diagnose and treat 12 yeast infection symptoms at home. Antifungal medicines that you take as a pill by mouth affect the entire body (so it can also treat any yeast infection elsewhere in the body). Tea tree oil is incredibly powerful. This might include gathering information about past vaginal infections or sexually transmitted infections. That’s why some women think if they put garlic in their vagina during a yeast infection, they’ll feel relief. You should also stay away from scented products. A low white blood cell count (WBC) has been associated with yeast overgrowth, as well as a high neutrophil and low lymphocyte count. Goebel spots a problem with treating yeast infections at home.

A vaginal yeast infection means that too many yeast cells are growing in the vagina. How to diagnose and treat 12 yeast infection symptoms at home. HuffPost is part of Verizon Media. Eating yogurt is one way to increase probiotics. Don’t spend extended periods of time in wet clothes or bathing suits. As recently as last year, Gunter found this as a suggested treatment in the book, “Our Bodies, Ourselves” and other online sources. Do you think this method is helpful?

If you have a whole clove of garlic you don’t have the allicin,” Gunter explained. The candida diet, your holistic practitioner will have conclusive means of testing for candida, and I personally use a comprehensive stool analysis here as it is the most accurate way to diagnose for Candida overgrowth. The symptoms of a yeast infection depend on where it is located in the body. Research shows that a vaginal suppository containing tea tree oil may help treat vaginal infections.

Avoid sweetened yogurts because sugar can worsen a yeast infection.

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Natural, unsweetened, non-flavored yogurt contains beneficial bacteria, called probiotics. Guys who have diabetes or are on antibiotics for a long time are more prone to this infection. 3 For most infections, the treatment is an antifungal medicine applied inside the vagina or a single dose of fluconazole taken by mouth. Can boric acid be toxic if used at too high of a dose? It is important to change the tampon regularly.

See your doctor if you aren’t sure what you have or if this is the first time you have had these symptoms. As an alternative to eating garlic, some women have tried using garlic internally. Yeast infections occur when the fungus Candida albicans grows rapidly anywhere on the body from the mucus membranes of the oral cavity, under the nails, on the scalp, in the pelvic area or any other areas of the skin, especially where it can be moist. Do yeast infections itch and burn? Skip underwear, says Ramani Durvasula, PhD, a professor of psychology at California State University, Los Angeles. Candida and the many other germs that normally live in the vagina keep each other in balance.

Cystitis is a common infection of the bladder. We look at the treatments to help with this condition.

Does it sting when you pee? If you experience a burning sensation when you urinate plus an increased urge to go to the toilet, it sounds like you might have cystitis. An inflammation of the bladder, cystitis is usually caused by a urinary tract infection (UTI) and can be incredibly uncomfortable, but once diagnosed it is easily treatable.

Cystitis is incredibly common and up to 40 per cent of women will get it in their lifetime. Women are more likely to get bladder infections or recurrent UTIs because they have a shorter urethra, so bacteria can reach the bladder quicker.

While it is usually nothing to worry about and often clears up within a few days, cystitis can lead to a more serious kidney infection, so i f your symptoms persist visit your GP to discuss treatment options.

Common cystitis symptoms

Cystitis can come with a number of uncomfortable symptoms:

• Burning sensation or pain during urination.
• Frequent urination.
• Cloudy and foul-smelling urine.
• Pain directly above the pubic bone.
• Older women may have no symptoms other than weakness, confusion or fever.
• Occasionally blood may be visible in the urine.
• Children under five years of age often have less definite symptoms, such as weakness, irritability, reduced appetite and vomiting.

Cystitis treatment tips

If you are diagnosed with cystitis by your GP, you may be prescribed a course of antibiotics which should clear up the infection within a few days.

If you have been experiencing mild cystitis symptoms for less than three days, there are a few treatments you can try at home to ease the discomfort:

✔️ Drink plenty of fluids. Some people claim that cranberry juice helps, but there’s little evidence to suggest it is effective, so stick to water.

✔️ Ensure you pee frequently. This will help to flush out the infection.

✔️ Take paracetamol or ibuprofen to ease the discomfort.

✔️ Avoid sexual intercourse.

✔️ Peeing while sat in a warm bath can ease cystitis pain.

Cystitis risk factors

Some people are at greater risk of UTIs, including the following:

• Women using birth control

Diaphragms containing spermicidal agents may increase the risk.

• Pregnant women

Hormonal changes during pregnancy may increase the risk of a bladder infection.

• Post-menopausal women

Altered hormone levels in postmenopausal women are often associated with UTIs.

• Congenital deformity

If you experience repeated infections, particularly among boys and young men, ask your GP if you can get checked for a congenital (present from birth) deformity.

• People with a catheter

During the change of catheter, small lesions may appear, which may increase the danger of infection and possible blood infection.

• Men with an enlarged prostate

An enlarged prostate in the older male prevents the bladder from emptying completely.

• Honeymoon cystitis

An increased frequency of sexual activity can lead to cystitis. Go to the toilet to empty the bladder after sex to ‘flush out’ any bacteria that might have made their way into your urethra.

• Contact dermatitis

Women who use a deodorant or other potentially irritating material on their genitals may develop cystitis-like symptoms.

Recurrent cystitis prevention tips

If you keep getting cystitis, it can be frustrating. To prevent recurring UTIs, there are a few simple measures you can take:

✔️ Drink sufficiently, so the bladder is flushed thoroughly.

✔️ Always empty your bladder completely.

✔️ Urinate immediately after sexual intercourse to flush out bacteria.

✔️ Urinate at least once every two hours. Avoiding urination for long periods can impact the urinary system.

✔️ After urinating dry yourself from front to back, towards the anus – not the other way around – to avoid leading bacteria from the intestine into the urethra.

✔️ Avoid perfumed bath and shower products.

✔️ Wear natural fibre underwear and avoid tight clothes.

✔️ Women who have more than two episodes of cystitis yearly may benefit from medium term use of an antibiotic as protection against infection. Ask your GP for advice.

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• Overview
• Aftercare Instructions
• Ambulatory Care
• Discharge Care
• Inpatient Care
• En Español

WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW:

A kidney infection, or pyelonephritis, is a bacterial infection. The infection usually starts in your bladder or urethra and moves into your kidney. One or both kidneys may be infected.

DISCHARGE INSTRUCTIONS:

Return to the emergency department if:

• You have a fever and chills.
• You cannot stop vomiting.
• You have severe pain in your abdomen, lower back, or sides.

Contact your healthcare provider if:

• You continue to have a fever after you take antibiotics for 3 days.
• You have pain when you urinate, even after treatment.
• Your signs and symptoms return.
• You have questions or concerns about your condition or care.

Medicines:

You may need any of the following:

• Antibiotics treat your bacterial infection.
• Acetaminophen decreases pain and fever. It is available without a doctor’s order. Ask how much to take and how often to take it. Follow directions. Read the labels of all other medicines you are using to see if they also contain acetaminophen, or ask your doctor or pharmacist. Acetaminophen can cause liver damage if not taken correctly. Do not use more than 4 grams (4,000 milligrams) total of acetaminophen in one day.
• NSAIDs , such as ibuprofen, help decrease swelling, pain, and fever. This medicine is available with or without a doctor’s order. NSAIDs can cause stomach bleeding or kidney problems in certain people. If you take blood thinner medicine, always ask if NSAIDs are safe for you. Always read the medicine label and follow directions. Do not give these medicines to children under 6 months of age without direction from your child’s healthcare provider.
• Prescription pain medicine may be given. Ask how to take this medicine safely.
• Take your medicine as directed. Contact your healthcare provider if you think your medicine is not helping or if you have side effects. Tell him of her if you are allergic to any medicine. Keep a list of the medicines, vitamins, and herbs you take. Include the amounts, and when and why you take them. Bring the list or the pill bottles to follow-up visits. Carry your medicine list with you in case of an emergency.

Drink liquids as directed:

You may need to drink extra liquids to help flush your kidneys and urinary system. Water is the best liquid to drink. Ask your healthcare provider how much liquid to drink each day and which liquids are best for you.

Urinate as soon as you feel the urge:

This will help flush bacteria from your urinary system. Do not wait or hold your urine for too long.

Clean your genital area every day with soap and water:

Wipe from front to back after you urinate or have a bowel movement. Wear cotton underwear. Fabrics such as nylon and polyester can stay damp. This can increase your risk for infection. Urinate within 15 minutes after you have sex.

Follow up with your healthcare provider as directed:

Write down your questions so you remember to ask them during your visits.

© Copyright IBM Corporation 2020 Information is for End User’s use only and may not be sold, redistributed or otherwise used for commercial purposes. All illustrations and images included in CareNotes® are the copyrighted property of A.D.A.M., Inc. or IBM Watson Health

The above information is an educational aid only. It is not intended as medical advice for individual conditions or treatments. Talk to your doctor, nurse or pharmacist before following any medical regimen to see if it is safe and effective for you.

Further information

Always consult your healthcare provider to ensure the information displayed on this page applies to your personal circumstances.

Hello! I have read your concern. Kidney infection, known as pyelonephritis, cannot be treated and remedied at home. It needs to be cured with intravenous antibiotics with double strength. It would be helpful having a face to face appointment about this disease. Urinalysis and kidney ultrasound will be useful to diagnose this illness. This should help you. Best of luck!

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